ინტერნეტ-ადიქცია თუ ინტერნეტის პრობლემური მოხმარება?

ავტორები

  • ანა ზუბაშვილი

ანოტაცია

ციფრული ტექნოლოგიების განვითარებამ კაცობრიობას ბევრი სიკეთე მოუტანა – უმრავ­ლე­სო­ბი­სათვის ინტერნეტი უამრავი შესაძლებლობის შემქმნელი საოცარი ინფორმაციული ინ­სტრუმენტია. მაგრამ უკა­ნას­კ­ნე­ლი ორზე მეტი ათწლეულის მანძილზე ჩა­ტა­რე­ბულ­­­მა მრავალმა კვლევამ აჩვენა, რომ ზო­გი­ერთ შემ­თხვევაში ამ ტექნოლოგიების გადა­ჭარ­ბებულ, არა­კონტროლირებად მოხ­მა­რებას მოჰ­ყვე­ბა არა­ერ­თი ნეგა­ტი­ური შე­­­­დე­გი – ფსი­ქოპათოლოგიური სიმ­­პ­ტო­­მები, ჯანმრთე­ლო­­ბის პრობ­­­ლე­მები, სოციალური თუ პრო­ფე­სიული დარღვევები და სხვ., ანუ სიმპ­ტო­მე­ბი, რო­­მე­ლიც ტრა­დიციულად უკავშირდებოდა ფსი­ქო­აქ­ტიურ ნივთიე­რე­ბა­თა მოხმარებას ან აზარ­­ტულ თა­მა­შებს.

სტატიაში წარმოდგენილია ამ თემისადმი მიძღვნილი უცხოური ლიტერატურის მიმოხილვა, რომელმაც აჩ­ვენა, რომ თუმცა ინტერნეტის გადაჭარბებულ მოხმა­რე­ბას­თან დაკავშირებული ფსი­ქი­კური ჯანმრთე­ლო­ბის პრობ­­ლე­მე­ბი სადავო აღარ არის, კონ­სენ­სუსი ამ ფენომენის კონ­ცეპ­ტუა­ლი­ზაციასა და დიაგ­ნოს­­ტი­კასთან დაკავშირებით მიღ­­წე­უ­ლი ვერ იქნა, რის გამოც ის ადიქ­ციად არ იქნა აღიარებული არც DSM-5-სა და არც ICD-11-ს მი­ერ. ადიქ­ციის კონცეფციის ალტერნატიული მიდგომაა პრობლემური მოხმარების თეო­­რია, რომ­­ლის ფარგლებში ფენომენი განიხილება არა რო­გორც პათოლოგია, კლინიკური დარ­ღვე­ვა, არა­მედ უფრო ნეგატიური შედე­გე­­ბის გა­­­მომწვევი კოგნიციები და ქცევა, ანუ კოგ­­ნი­ტურ-ქცე­­­ვითი პა­რა­დიგ­­მა – თვით­რე­გუ­ლა­ცი­ის პრობ­ლემა. ტერ­მი­ნი „პრობ­ლე­მუ­რი“ უფ­რო რელე­ვან­­ტუ­რია, ვინაიდან, ჯერ ერ­თი, სადა­ვოა, არის თუ არა გა­და­ჭარ­ბებული მოხ­მა­რება ადიქ­­ცია; მეორეც, მოიცავს პრობ­­ლემური ქცე­ვის მთლიან სპექტრს – მსუ­ბუქიდან ძრი­ერ დარ­­ღვე­ვამდე; დაბოლოს, „ადიქ­ციასთან“ შედარებით ტერ­მი­ნი „პრობლემური“ ნაკ­ლე­ბად მას­ტიგ­მა­­­ტი­ზებელია. ტერმინი „ინტერნეტი“ ზედმეტად ზოგადია, ვინაი­დან ინტერ­ნე­ტი მხო­ლოდ გა­­რე­მოა, რომელიც იძლევა ჩვევის გამომწვევი სხვადასხვა ქმე­დე­ბის შეს­რუ­ლების სა­შუა­ლე­ბას, ამიტომ აუცილებელია მოხმარებული კონტენტის გათვალისწინება.

ავტორის ბიოგრაფია

ანა ზუბაშვილი

კლინიკური ფსიქოლოგიის მაგისტრი

წყაროები

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